microSDの区画切りで、fdiskではPARTUUIDはフォーマット後に出現しない。
gdiskでは、Partition Table: gpt で区画するとPARTUUIDが現れるが、RaspberryPiは Partition Table: msdos でないと起動してくれない。
これが、partedだと、Partition Table: msdos にて、PARTUUIDは区画切り後に出現した。
partedで区画を作り、dumpバックアップからのrestoreしてmicroSDでの起動についての説明する。
(1) partedで区画を作成
(1-1)まず、8GBのmicroSDをfdiskで区画切りしてフォーマットでは、以下のようにblkidではPARTUUIDが出現しない。Disk identifier: 0x0になっている。
# fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 7.4 GiB, 7985954816 bytes, 15597568 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x00000000 ＃ここ値がセットできれば良いのだが Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 2048 104447 102400 50M c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda2 104448 15597567 15493120 7.4G 83 Linux # blkid | grep sda /dev/sda1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="B7B2-351F" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sda2: UUID="958651f6-3615-4ac6-afeb-bae165a936d9" TYPE="ext4"
(1-2)そのままmicroSDをpartedで、区画の削除をする。
# parted /dev/sda GNU Parted 3.2 Using /dev/sda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) p ＃区画の確認 Model: Mass Storage Device (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 7986MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 53.5MB 52.4MB primary fat32 lba 2 53.5MB 7986MB 7932MB primary ext4 (parted) rm 2 ＃区画2削除 Warning: Partition /dev/sda2 is being used. Are you sure you want to continue? Yes/No? Yes Error: Partition(s) 2 on /dev/sda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use. As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use. You should reboot now before making further changes. Ignore/Cancel? I (parted) rm 1 ＃区画1削除 Warning: Partition /dev/sda1 is being used. Are you sure you want to continue? Yes/No? Y Error: Partition(s) 1, 2 on /dev/sda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use. As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use. You should reboot now before making further changes. Ignore/Cancel? I (parted) p ＃区画削除されたことの確認 Model: Mass Storage Device (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 7986MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags (parted)
(1-3)次に、mkpartで区画の作成をする。
(parted) mkpart ＃区画作成コマンド Partition type? primary/extended? p File system type? [ext2]? fat32 ＃fat32で区画の作成 Start? 0 End? 50M Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. Ignore/Cancel? I Error: Partition(s) 1, 2 on /dev/sda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use. As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use. You should reboot now before making further changes. Ignore/Cancel? I (parted) mkpart Partition type? primary/extended? p File system type? [ext2]? ext4 ＃ext4で区画の作成 Start? 50M End? 8G Error: Partition(s) 1, 2 on /dev/sda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use. As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use. You should reboot now before making further changes. Ignore/Cancel? I # # # インタラクティブ(interactive)な対話モードでなく、 # (parted) mkpart p fat32 0% 50M # (parted) mkpart p ext4 50M 100% # とか、引数を指定して、start end は100%のように%も使えるようだ。 (parted) p ＃区画の確認 Model: Mass Storage Device (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 7986MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 512B 50.0MB 50.0MB primary fat32 lba 2 50.3MB 7986MB 7936MB primary ext4 lba (parted) quit ＃writeしなくてもquitで書き込んでくれるようだ。 Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. # 一旦このmicroSD8GBを取外して挿し直すか、再起動で区画の正常認識を確認する。 # partprobe -s /dev/sda: msdos partitions 1 2 /dev/mmcblk0: msdos partitions 1 2
(1-4)フォーマットする
# fdisk -l /dev/sda Disk /dev/sda: 7.4 GiB, 7985954816 bytes, 15597568 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disklabel type: dos Disk identifier: 0x88584BBB ＃＃＃これがPARTUUIDのもとになるようだ。 Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type /dev/sda1 1 98303 98303 48M c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda2 98304 15597567 15499264 7.4G 83 Linux # mkfs.vfat /dev/sda1 ＃vfatでフォーマット mkfs.fat 3.0.27 (2014-11-12) # mkfs.ext4 -j /dev/sda2 ＃ext4ジャーナル付きでフォーマット mke2fs 1.43.3 (04-Sep-2016) Creating filesystem with 1937408 4k blocks and 484800 inodes Filesystem UUID: 1de1421d-55c1-4fd1-94d4-e5b1d266dAAA Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done # blkid | grep sda ＃こんどは以下のようにblkidでPARTUUIDが出現している。 /dev/sda1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="1A96-82FB" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="88584BBB-01" /dev/sda2: UUID="1de1421d-55c1-4fd1-94d4-e5b1d266dAAA" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="88584BBB-02" #
(2) dumpバックアップからのrestore
restore対象のmountポイントにcdしてrestoreする。
# mount /dev/sdb1 /dsk/sdb1 ＃/boot区画マウント
# mount /dev/sdb2 /dsk/sdb2 ＃ルート区画マウント
# cd /dsk/sdb1
# rsync -a /dsk/sda4/Backup/rapia/RootBz/boot/. . ＃/boot領域のコピー
# cd ../sdb2
# ls
lost+found
＃以下でrestoreの実行
# time bzip2 -dc /dsk/sda4/Backup/rapia/RootBz/b_mmcblk0_rapia_2017_0902/mmcblk0p2_2017_0902.dump.bz2| restore rf -
restore: ./lost+found: File exists
bzip2 -dc 953.43s user 33.54s system 85% cpu 19:19.90 total
restore rf - 15.04s user 67.21s system 7% cpu 19:21.66 total
#
1.5GBのリストアに953秒の約16分かかった。
結構まつので、進捗ぐあいの確認には、
while [ true ]; do echo -n "`date "+%H:%M:%S"` "; df -H |grep /dev/sdb2|awk '{print $1,$2,$3,$4}'; sleep 30; done
...とかで、
22:31:44 /dev/sdb2 7.8G 946M 6.4G
22:32:14 /dev/sdb2 7.8G 985M 6.4G
22:32:44 /dev/sdb2 7.8G 1.1G 6.4G
...などと見張る。
(3) cmdline.txtとfstabの修正
PARTUUIDの部分をblkidのものと、それぞれ一致させる。
# cat /dsk/sdb1/cmdline.txt dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=PARTUUID=88584BBB-02 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait # cat /dsk/sdb2/etc/fstab proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 PARTUUID=88584BBB-01 /boot vfat defaults 0 2 PARTUUID=88584BBB-02 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1 # a swapfile is not a swap partition, no line here # use dphys-swapfile swap[on|off] for that ◎ /dsk/sdb1と/dsk/sdb2をアンマウントして再起動する。 ◎ restore後のmicroSD8GBの起動では、以下のようなPARTUUIDの状態になっている。 # ls -l /dev/disk/by-partuuid total 0 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Sep 2 14:17 88584BBB-01 -> ../../mmcblk0p1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 Sep 2 14:17 88584BBB-02 -> ../../mmcblk0p2 # blkid /dev/mmcblk0p1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="1A96-82FB" TYPE="vfat" PARTUUID="88584BBB-01" /dev/mmcblk0p2: UUID="1de1421d-55c1-4fd1-94d4-e5b1d266dAAA" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="88584BBB-02" /dev/mmcblk0: PTUUID="88584BBB" PTTYPE="dos" # grep PARTUUID /etc/fstab PARTUUID=88584BBB-01 /boot vfat defaults 0 2 PARTUUID=88584BBB-02 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1 # grep PARTUUID /boot/cmdline.txt dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 console=serial0,115200 console=tty1 root=PARTUUID=88584BBB-02 rootfstype=ext4 elevator=deadline fsck.repair=yes rootwait #
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